African Education Systems in the Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Automated Decision-Making
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62486/latia2025319Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence (AI), Communication Technology (ICT), Employable Skills, Reforming Educational SystemsAbstract
The main areas of focus for reforming educational systems are the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI). Although artificial intelligence (AI) has many applications, its use in education to improve learning, develop employable skills, and help people adjust to life in the AI era has not been as common. The study evaluated current policy initiatives and delved into African information and communication technology (ICT) policies about the education sector to offer policy suggestions for AI educational institutions from an African viewpoint. The targeted population was junior and senior secondary schools in Kenya, a range of stakeholders in the field of education, including educators, parents, Ministry of Education representatives, and other pertinent parties. A sample of 125 participants was used. The study employed a descriptive research design. A combination of articles, research papers, reports, briefs, and books a along with interviews and questionnaires, was used to collect opinions and insights from these participants, and qualitative content analysis was involved. Its goal was to promote a thorough comprehension of the ethical issues related to the application of AI in the Kenyan educational system. The result indicated that 29 (28.2 %) were very familiar with automated decision-making, 63 (61.2 %) had reported some level of familiarity, while 11 (10.6 %) admitted did not know automated decision-making. The mean was fairly close to the true mean of the general population, as indicated by the extremely small total SE of 0.07. Drawing on the result, the report offers the policy priorities and suggestions that are crucial for establishing a supportive environment for the growth of AI and for governance in the African education sector.
References
Information technology Artificial intelligence(AI) Bias in AI�systems and AI�aided decision making. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3403/30479293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3403/30479293
Abuzaid AN. Strategic AI Integration: Examining the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Corporate Decision-Making. 2024 International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Communication Systems (ICKECS) [Internet]. 2024 Apr 18;1–6. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ickecs61492.2024.10616871 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICKECS61492.2024.10616871
Goyal I. AI Renaissance, artificial intelligence, information overload, human-computer interaction, decision-making. Review of Artificial Intelligence in Education [Internet]. 2023 Aug 17;4(00):e012. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.37497/rev.artif.intell.educ.v4i00.12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.37497/rev.artif.intell.educ.v4i00.12
Gerdes A. The role of explainability in AI-supported medical decision-making. Discover Artificial Intelligence [Internet]. 2024 Apr 29;4(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00119-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00119-2
African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights | African Union https://au.int/en/treaties/african-charter-human-and-peoples-rights accessed 3 January 2024
AI and Education: Guidance for Policy-Makers - UNESCO Digital Library’ https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000376709 accessed 3 January 2024
AI for Africa: Artificial Intelligence for Africa’s Socio-Economic Development |AUDA-NEPAD’ https://www.nepad.org/publication/ai-africa-artificial-intelligence-africas-socioeconomic-devel opment accessed 4 January 2024
AI in Learning’ https://blogs.helsinki.fi/ai-in-learning/ accessed 4 January 2024
Akgun S and Greenhow C, ‘Artificial Intelligence in Education: Addressing Ethical Challenges in K-12 Settings’ (2022) 2 Ai and Ethics 431 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8455229/ accessed 4 January 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00096-7
Chavula, P., & Kayusi, F. (2025). Role of Artificial Intelligence in Disseminating Climate Information Services in Africa. LatIA, 3, 76–76. https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202576 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202576
Convention on the Rights of the Child | UNICEF’ https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention accessed 4 January 2024
Ghorbian M, Ghorbian S. Empowering Clinical Decision-Making with Generative AI in Intelligent Decision Support Systems. Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Approaches for Industrial Applications [Internet]. 2025;241–59. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76710-4_12 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76710-4_12
During COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experiences of Marginalized and Vulnerable Learner Populations in Kenya’ (2023) 32 International Journal of Educational Reform 464 https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879221076081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879221076081
Onyenahazi OB, Antwi BO. The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Investment Decision-Making: Opportunities and Risks for Financial Institutions. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews [Internet]. 2024 Oct;5(10):70–85. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.1024.2701 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.1024.2701
Padhiary M, Roy P, Dey P, Sahu B. Harnessing AI for Automated Decision-Making in Farm Machinery and Operations. Enhancing Automated Decision-Making Through AI [Internet]. 2024 Dec 5;249–82. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6230-3.ch008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6230-3.ch008
Education Under Attack in West and Central Africa - 2023 Update - Burkina Faso | ReliefWeb’ (13 September 2023) https://reliefweb.int/report/burkina-faso/education-under-attack-west-and-central-africa-2023-up date accessed 4 January 2024
Zarghami A. Role of Artificial Intelligence in Surgical Decision-Making: A Comprehensive Review. Galen Medical Journal [Internet]. 2024 Mar 19;13:e3332. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v13i.3332 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31661/gmj.v13i.3332
Form One Selection | Ministry of Education - Kenya’ https://www.education.go.ke/form-one-selection
Acknowledgements. Optimizing Decision Making in the Apparel Supply Chain Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) [Internet]. 2013;xviii. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-85709-779-8.50015-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-85709-779-8.50015-9
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Into Decision Support Systems Within Higher Education Institutions. Nanotechnology Perceptions [Internet]. 2024 Jun 4;20(S5). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.62441/nano-ntp.v20is5.26 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62441/nano-ntp.v20iS5.26
Hai-Jew S. Exploring Generative AI as Personally Effective Decision-Making Tools. Enhancing Automated Decision-Making Through AI [Internet]. 2024 Dec 5;451–92. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6230-3.ch014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-6230-3.ch014
Guerrero Quiñones JL. Using artificial intelligence to enhance patient autonomy in healthcare decision-making. AI & SOCIETY [Internet]. 2024 May 19;40(3):1917–26. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01956-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-024-01956-6
J SG, S S. Artificial Intelligence Role in Individual Decision Making. Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning [Internet]. 2020 Aug 21;1(1):37–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ciml/01.01.a005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36647/CIML/01.01.A005
Human Behaviour 1839 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01735-1 accessed 2 January 2024
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ (OHCHR) https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economi c-social-and-cultural-rights
Juma, L., Chavula, P., Kayusi, F., Omwenga, M. K., Mishra, R., & Mwewa, T. (2025). AI in Dissertation Examination: Opportunities for Undergraduates and Postgraduates in Zambia, Rwanda, and Kenya. LatIA, 3. https://doi.org/10.62486/latia2025329 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/latia2025329
Kayusi, F., Shileche, M., Juma, L., Mishra, R., & Chavula, P. (2025). Adoption and Usage Patterns of Referencing Services Management Software Among Postgraduate Students: A Case Study Selected Kenyan Universities. 3, 78. https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/latia202578
Mambwe, H., Chavula, P., Kayusi, F., Lungu, G., & Uwimbabazi, A. (2025). Machine learning and AI for security mechanisms: A Systematic Literature Review Using a PRISMA Framework. 3, 332. https://doi.org/10.62486/latia2025331 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62486/latia2025331
Market Brief, 4 June 2019). https://marketbrief.edweek.org/marketplace-k-12/global-artificial-intelligence-boom-predicted-e ducation-particularly-china/
Mishra, D. R., Varshney, D., & Kayusi, F. (2024). Redefining Education through Artificial Intelligence: An In-depth Analysis of Faculty Knowledge Dimensions and AI Chatbots Integration in Enhancing Teaching Effectiveness in Higher Education Institutions (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 5071896). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001476 DOI: https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.001476
Fletcher T. ChatGPT, Finances, and Degree Attainment: Increasing Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Utilization and Implications for Students’ Decision-Making. 2024 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) [Internet]. 2024 Oct 13;1–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie61694.2024.10892857 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE61694.2024.10892857
National Artificial Intelligence Strategy 2 to Uplift Singapore’s Social and Economic Potential’ https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/media-hub/press-releases/04122023/
Nations U, ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ (United Nations) https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights
Ochieng VO and Waithanji Ngware M, ‘Adoption of Education Technologies for Learning
Personalized Learning’ (Data & Society https://datasociety.net/library/personalized-learning-the-conversations-were-not-having/
Project B, ‘Education in Africa:10 Important Facts’ (The Borgen Project, 26 July 2017) https://borgenproject.org/10-facts-about-education-in-africa/
Quinton S and Journal N, ‘Are Colleges Invading Their Students’ Privacy?’ (The Atlantic, 6 April 2015)https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/04/is-big-brothers-eye-on-campus/389643/
Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence | UNESCO’https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/recommendation-ethics-artificial-intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and Human Intelligence (HI): A Double-edged Dilemma in Business Decision Making. European Journal of Business and Management [Internet]. 2024 Dec; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.7176/ejbm/16-9-02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7176/EJBM/16-9-02
Wong WK, Mok PY, Leung SYS. Optimizing apparel production systems using genetic algorithms. Optimizing Decision Making in the Apparel Supply Chain Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) [Internet]. 2013;153–69. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857097842.153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097842.153
Ismail A, Ali MS, Alattar K, Hasan M, Durrani F. The Role of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Digital Transformation of Jordanian Banking System. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Finance [Internet]. 2023;72–82. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39158-3_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39158-3_7
Langer C. Decision-making power and responsibility in an automated administration. Discover Artificial Intelligence [Internet]. 2024 Sep 3;4(1). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00152-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-024-00152-1
Singapore, National AI Strategy (2019)’https://oecd.ai/en/wonk/documents/singapore-national-ai-strategy-2019
Singer N, ‘Pearson Under Fire for Monitoring Students’ Twitter Posts’ (Bits Blog, 1426637989) https://archive.nytimes.com/bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/03/17/pearson-under-fire-for-monitori ng-students-twitter-posts/
Pavlovic M, Gligoric C, Zdravkovic F, Pavlovic D. Revolutionizing Management Accounting: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Predictive Analytics, Automated Reporting, and Decision-Making. Business & Management Compass [Internet]. 2024 Dec 30;68(4):23–42. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.56065/nxn2gx53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.56065/nxn2gx53
Turyasingura, B., Ayiga, N., Byamukama, W., Kayusi, F., Tumuhimbise, M., & Tumushabe, T. (2024). Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Environment and Societal Trends: Challenges and Opportunities. Babylonian Journal of Machine Learning, 2024, 177–182. https://doi.org/10.58496/BJML/2024/018
Twenty-First Century Student Sorting and Tracking’ (2019) 21 Ethics and Information Technology 167 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9492-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-018-9492-2
United Nations Treaty Collection’ https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-3&chapter=4&cla ng=_en
Velasco M. Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on Research Engagement of Higher Education Students. 2024; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4995875 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4995875
Was Done - Education News Hub’ https://educationnewshub.co.ke/education-ministry-releases-guidelines-on-how-the-2024-formone-selection-and-placement-was-done/
When the Teaching Assistant Is a Robot’ (The Chronicle of Higher Education, 23 October 2016) https://www.chronicle.com/article/when-the-teaching-assistant-is-a-robot/
www.etnews.com, ‘South Korean Government to Introduce AI-Based Personalized Learning Service to Public Education’ (ETNEWS :: Korea IT News, 6 September 2019) https://english.etnews.com/20190906200002?SNS=00002.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Michael Keari Omwenga, Fredrick Kayusi, Everlyne Chebet, Linety Juma, Bismark Agura Kayus, Rhoda Moraa Siro, Catherine Munga, Petros Chavula (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.